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31 // The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework (Google Test)
33 // This header file defines the Message class.
35 // IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
36 // leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
37 // They are clearly marked by comments like this:
39 // // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
41 // Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
42 // to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
45 // GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
47 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
48 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
52 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
54 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
55 /* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
57 // Ensures that there is at least one operator<< in the global namespace.
58 // See Message& operator<<(...) below for why.
59 void operator<<(const testing::internal::Secret&, int);
63 // The Message class works like an ostream repeater.
67 // 1. You stream a bunch of values to a Message object.
68 // It will remember the text in a stringstream.
69 // 2. Then you stream the Message object to an ostream.
70 // This causes the text in the Message to be streamed
75 // testing::Message foo;
76 // foo << 1 << " != " << 2;
79 // will print "1 != 2".
81 // Message is not intended to be inherited from. In particular, its
82 // destructor is not virtual.
84 // Note that stringstream behaves differently in gcc and in MSVC. You
85 // can stream a NULL char pointer to it in the former, but not in the
86 // latter (it causes an access violation if you do). The Message
87 // class hides this difference by treating a NULL char pointer as
89 class GTEST_API_ Message {
91 // The type of basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) for
93 typedef std::ostream& (*BasicNarrowIoManip)(std::ostream&);
96 // Constructs an empty Message.
100 Message(const Message& msg) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) { // NOLINT
101 *ss_ << msg.GetString();
104 // Constructs a Message from a C-string.
105 explicit Message(const char* str) : ss_(new ::std::stringstream) {
110 // Streams a value (either a pointer or not) to this object.
111 template <typename T>
112 inline Message& operator <<(const T& value) {
113 StreamHelper(typename internal::is_pointer<T>::type(), value);
117 // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
118 template <typename T>
119 inline Message& operator <<(const T& val) {
120 // Some libraries overload << for STL containers. These
121 // overloads are defined in the global namespace instead of ::std.
123 // C++'s symbol lookup rule (i.e. Koenig lookup) says that these
124 // overloads are visible in either the std namespace or the global
125 // namespace, but not other namespaces, including the testing
126 // namespace which Google Test's Message class is in.
128 // To allow STL containers (and other types that has a << operator
129 // defined in the global namespace) to be used in Google Test
130 // assertions, testing::Message must access the custom << operator
131 // from the global namespace. With this using declaration,
132 // overloads of << defined in the global namespace and those
133 // visible via Koenig lookup are both exposed in this function.
139 // Streams a pointer value to this object.
141 // This function is an overload of the previous one. When you
142 // stream a pointer to a Message, this definition will be used as it
143 // is more specialized. (The C++ Standard, section
144 // [temp.func.order].) If you stream a non-pointer, then the
145 // previous definition will be used.
147 // The reason for this overload is that streaming a NULL pointer to
148 // ostream is undefined behavior. Depending on the compiler, you
149 // may get "0", "(nil)", "(null)", or an access violation. To
150 // ensure consistent result across compilers, we always treat NULL
152 template <typename T>
153 inline Message& operator <<(T* const& pointer) { // NOLINT
154 if (pointer == NULL) {
161 #endif // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
163 // Since the basic IO manipulators are overloaded for both narrow
164 // and wide streams, we have to provide this specialized definition
165 // of operator <<, even though its body is the same as the
166 // templatized version above. Without this definition, streaming
167 // endl or other basic IO manipulators to Message will confuse the
169 Message& operator <<(BasicNarrowIoManip val) {
174 // Instead of 1/0, we want to see true/false for bool values.
175 Message& operator <<(bool b) {
176 return *this << (b ? "true" : "false");
179 // These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
180 // using the UTF-8 encoding.
181 Message& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str);
182 Message& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str);
184 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
185 // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
186 // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
187 Message& operator <<(const ::std::wstring& wstr);
188 #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
190 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
191 // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
192 // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
193 Message& operator <<(const ::wstring& wstr);
194 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
196 // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as an std::string.
197 // Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
199 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
200 std::string GetString() const;
204 // These are needed as the Nokia Symbian Compiler cannot decide between
205 // const T& and const T* in a function template. The Nokia compiler _can_
206 // decide between class template specializations for T and T*, so a
207 // tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we can overload on that.
208 template <typename T>
209 inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type /*is_pointer*/, T* pointer) {
210 if (pointer == NULL) {
216 template <typename T>
217 inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type /*is_pointer*/,
219 // See the comments in Message& operator <<(const T&) above for why
220 // we need this using statement.
224 #endif // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
226 // We'll hold the text streamed to this object here.
227 const internal::scoped_ptr< ::std::stringstream> ss_;
229 // We declare (but don't implement) this to prevent the compiler
230 // from implementing the assignment operator.
231 void operator=(const Message&);
234 // Streams a Message to an ostream.
235 inline std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const Message& sb) {
236 return os << sb.GetString();
241 // Converts a streamable value to an std::string. A NULL pointer is
242 // converted to "(null)". When the input value is a ::string,
243 // ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
244 // character in it is replaced with "\\0".
245 template <typename T>
246 std::string StreamableToString(const T& streamable) {
247 return (Message() << streamable).GetString();
250 } // namespace internal
251 } // namespace testing
253 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_() // 4251
255 #endif // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_